Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV. (Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV.)

This introduction to the special issue on the topic of "Centering Women on Post-2010 Chinese TV" presents a brief review of major topics in the scholarship on televisual representations of women in contemporary China. The issue includes five research articles that, collectively, address research gaps in studies of post-2010 Chinese televisual-cultural discourses to do with ethnic minority women, women's media authorship, women's extramarital romance, and national heroines of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose novel focuses for examining women's plural roles and subjectivities on and off the TV screen. We thus call for complex understandings that move beyond the predominant attention of existing scholarship on conventional depictions of women as (virtuous) wives, (good) mothers, (inspirational) female professionals or heroines, and masculine feminist girls. Instead, this special issue sheds light on the polyvalent and contested positionality of Chinese women as gendered, ethnicized, (trans)nationalized, and romanticized subjects during a (post-)globalization and (post-)pandemic age.

Gendering national sacrifices: the making of new heroines in China's counter-COVID-19 TV series. (Special Issue: Centering women on post-2010 Chinese TV.)

From February 2020 to the end of 2021, China's state-controlled media focused on creating its "victorious" narrative of combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on two high-profile and COVID-19-themed TV series that aim to rewrite the collective memories of the Wuhan lockdown as part of state's affective governance strategies. Using a feminist textual analysis, the article examines the gendered nature of state narratives by dissecting the representation of national heroines of the pandemic. It demonstrates the centrality of heterosexual families and gender performances in romanticizing individual sacrifices and mass suffering. Unlike the socialist-era role models, the personal weakness and emotional flaws of China's new heroines are tactically displayed to enhance emotional authenticity and resonate with contemporary audiences. Yet these state narratives reflect only stereotypical depictions of femininity within a hierarchical gender order in post-reform China, where moralized womanhood is imbued with a sacrificial attitude that serves to discipline China's female citizens.

The filming industry in Spain and its influence on screen tourism

Spain experiments an excellent period regarding the production of large motion-picture works. not only films but also television series. Nevertheless, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic present difficulties to recover the level of activity experimented before March 2020. All in all, besides the evolution of the health situation, the industry is showing proof enough of its ability to recover and adapt to the new circumstances.

Two paradoxes of sports activities in the COVID-19 era: a diagnosis from the philosophy of sport

We argue that sporting activities -as both individual and collective practices, as well as massive entertainment - acquired a paradoxical dimension during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the sanitary risk of infection associated with them. Here, we present two of these paradoxes: the first one is called "sport's social paradox" and the second one is called "sport's sanitary paradox". Before the pandemic, the social and sanitary benefits of sport were undisputable, but this has changed radically, even threatening the main elements upon which sports activities used to be based. By examining these paradoxes and appealing to recent empirical studies, we propose some strategies to secure a safe return to sporting practices in future pandemic and post pandemic contexts.

A time to build trust and loyalty

This article explains how attractions can re-imagine the guest journey in a post-COVID-19 world. It is indicated that guests will expect a more in-depth level of interaction with operators that provides reassurance of their safety, with satisfaction being a top priority. Some pieces of advice on engaging and communicating with guests before, during and after the visit, and managing the in-park experience, are presented.

Making the most of competitive socialising

This article indicates that the massive impact of COVID-19 on the retail sector presents opportunities to reimagine the design, branding and operations of leisure spaces. The rise of social entertainment centres and competitive socialising is highlighted.

Reflections from the team: co-creating visual media about ecological processes for young people. (Special Issue: Nature on screen: The implications of visual media for human-nature relationships.)

Many migratory fish populations are declining, threatened by human-induced pressures such as habitat loss and fragmentation caused by dams, roads, land use change, climate change and pollution. However, public awareness of fish migration and associated human pressures remains limited. It is important to communicate about hard-to-see and complex environmental topics and issues, such as fish migration, with young people, who stand to be the most affected by ongoing global changes. Young people are also at a critical stage in their attitude formation and may be particularly receptive to learning enrichment and engagement for behaviour change about environmental issues. Arts-based methods can be particularly effective in fostering broad personal connections with nature, especially for complex topics like fish migration. The collaborative and creative processes involved in developing such media often lack critique, which limits learning from previous experiences. In this article, we reflect on the co-creation of the Shout Trout Workout (STW), a lyric poem, comic and music video for 8- to 14-year-olds, designed to entertain, engage and enrich learning about migratory fishes and aquatic environments. We chart the process of creation, including conception of ideas, writing the poem, fact-checking and developing the storyline with scientists and creating a comic and music video with visual artists and musicians. We explore some of the challenges and merits of collaborative working, consider the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the creative and initial engagement process and share what we learned about creative input, communication and respect. We also discuss how the experience shaped our thoughts about the nature of co-creation itself, and how in creating STW, collaborators contributed to the process in multiple, nuanced and unanticipated ways (e.g. artistic input, ideas, science, dissemination), representing a spectrum of co-creative practice. We hope that sharing our experiences and reflections is useful and inspiring for other cross-disciplinary collaborations, and for those who aim to create learning enrichment and engagement material about ecological processes and environmental issues for young people.

The role of travel in business portfolio of Czech mini-breweries in the COVID pandemic period

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose a way to minimize the negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of mini-breweries. Research questions: Has pandemic affected the decrease in mini-breweries production? Can tourism help to save mini-breweries? What specific problems has the pandemic caused to mini-breweries? How do mini-breweries solve their problems? Research Methods: The paper presents a comparative analysis of the results of primary sources obtained through a questionnaire survey. The research tool used was an online survey conducted between 10 September and 10 October 2020 capturing answers from 59 mini-breweries in the Czech Republic. The survey examined effects of the pandemic, views on the changing beer market, mitigation measures, effects on demand for beer and other services and evaluation of government measures. Minibreweries were contacted in writing or in person. There were three categories for the length of operation of the minibrewery on the market. 33 microbreweries have been on the market for more than 5 years, 23 for a period of 2 to 5 years and the remaining 3 have been on the market for less than 2 years. It was also examined where mini-breweries have their headquarters. The majority of respondents was from municipalities with less than 2,000 inhabitants, a total of 14. Cities of 2 - 5 000 habitants were represented by 6 microbreweries, 5 - 10 000 by 8, 10 - 50 000 by 9, 50 - 100 000 by 1 and larger than 100 000 by 9. The second largest group consisted of breweries from Prague with 12 responses. Results and Discussion: The pandemic negatively or rather negatively affected the economy of mini-breweries (75%). The pandemic did not affect the economy at all (10%). It is too early to assess effects of the pandemic (10%). The economy of mini-breweries has improved (5%). The pandemic caused a dramatic drop in sales (67.8%). The mini-brewery lost customers (40.7%). The mini-brewery sustained economic losses due to the wastage of already brewed beer (25.4%). The mini-brewery lost employees (22.0%). The pandemic had no impact (16.9%). The mini-brewery reported higher sales (1.7%). Mini-breweries responded to the situation: 76.3% opened a takeaway window;59.3% distributed beer to clients;52.5% changed the structure of beer bottling;45.8% started using social media more;42,4% increased Internet advertising;40.7% started online sales;10.2% reduced the range of products. Brewers perceive tourism as a possible starting point. The role of off-trade is often mentioned, as well as the price of beer as factors influencing the demand for beer. The research clearly confirmed the need to strengthen the role of tourism as a tool to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on microbreweries. It demonstrates the need for a specific focus on a specific tourist segment coming to the Czech Republic, not only in beer or gastronomic tourism but also in experiential, cultural-historical and educational tourism in deeper cooperation with destination management organizations. Implications: The pandemic has an impact on the activities of mini-breweries, beer production has been reduced, employees have lost their jobs, premises have been closed and the number of customers dropped. Most mini-breweries have introduced product and marketing innovations. Renewed tourism can revive the activities of mini-breweries with their original products (tourist brewery tours, tastings, sale of souvenirs) and new ones (opening a beer museum, social and entertainment events, beer brewing experience courses, etc.). The research suggests the cooperation of several entities - mini-breweries with a specific DMO of the region in which the mini-brewery is located - the CzechTourism national tourism centre - by selected travel agencies or offices focusing on experiential gastronomy, beer, educational and cultural-historical tourism. As part of the proposed cooperation, it will be possible to streamline national and foreign marketing projects to raise the profile of mini-breweries and increase tourists' awareness of the ex

Re-evaluating cleaning

This article explains how cleaning of recreation, entertainment and sport venues in Australia faces a new array of challenges because of COVID-19.

Special Issue: Tourism in crisis: global threats to sustainable tourism futures. (Special Issue: Tourism in crisis: global threats to sustainable tourism futures.)

This special issue summarizes the crises in sustainable tourism and provides solutions that can mitigate crises. Containing 13 articles, topics in this issue include: a context and viewpoint on the possible implications of post COVID 19 reflection for wildlife tourism operations in the future;the role of service robots in gastronomic and dining experiences in a post coronavirus disease (COVID) world;the conflict of logics between private sector interests and public initiatives related to crisis management in tourism;the stringency of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) countermeasures in Japan;the perception of tourists as actors disconnected from citizens' necessities, safety and wellbeing;Twitter content analysis of the Australian bushfires disaster 2019 to 2020 relative to the country's tourism industry;the relevance of Cuba's medical system, its health tourism and related diplomacy in the context of the recent COVID 19 pandemic;post crisis (COVID) futures for live entertainment and tourism dependent destinations;antagonistic coexistence of different tourism imaginaries in global postviral social landscapes;how Fukushima's sake breweries challenged negative stereotypes and rebuilt its regional brand;and three book reviews on "Wildlife Tourism Futures: Encounters with Wild, Captive and Artificial Animals", "Tourismus NEXT (German)" and " Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World".

COVID19 - challenges, opportunities and adaptations.

This special issue brings together works by Portuguese and Brazilian authors, not only about the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, but also about the opportunities that have arisen and the adaptations that are being made to create new practices in the tourism industry. Containing 5 articles, this special issue discusses: public planning and crisis management of the Covid-19 pandemic in tourist destinations in Brazil;the effect of the pandemic on the national strategy for tourism in Portugal;community-based tourism in Brazil and Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic;the impact of Covid-19 on the offer of tourist experiences in Rural Tourism;and adoption of the "Clean & Safe" seal in the tourist entertainment sector in Portugal.

The theoretical bases of research of animation services in tourism

The article is aimed at characterizing the theoretical bases of the research of animation services in tourism. The task is to determine the essence of tourist animation as an object of research and highlight its main types and functions. As part of the research, the following methods were used: analytical, historical, description and others. Today, the tourism industry is developing rapidly, despite a number of problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, both in the territory of Ukraine and abroad. Tourism remains an important industry, influencing the economy of countries. Therefore, for the further development of this sector, it is important to pay attention to improving the quality of services to maximize the satisfaction of the needs of tourists, especially during their leisure time. The quality factor of the level of tourist product provided under modern conditions is key for the functioning of the tourism sector. Now an important and integral part of the tourism business around the world is tourism animation. During leisure, tourists seek to satisfy a number of their own needs, namely: spiritual, physical, communication, self-realization, etc. In addition, they have the opportunity to analyze their own inner being or characterize the people who will be around at this time. The purpose of the leisure industry is to create all the necessary (safe) conditions for entertainment. The social component of animation activity is the creation and development of modern needs in tourists. In addition, an animation tourism program is directed towards forming and obtaining new useful skills for its participants. To maximize satisfaction of the requirements of vacationers, regardless of their nationality, age, economic prosperity, health status, animation programs must change in terms of content, time or activity during the tourist season. Usually, they depend on the size of the hotel, its geographical location, focus, specifics, etc. It is noted that today the domestic tourist market needs animation specialists. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the level of their training, personal skills that will contribute to the implementation of modern animation programs.

Marketing and operations impacts of the corona virus era in tourism and leisure related industries

This article explores the impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism, leisure, entertainment, sports, hospitality, and related industries. It focuses mostly on long-lasting impacts of the pandemic and has numerous ideas regarding the management and marketing of these interrelated industries in the wake of the crisis. It also looks at preparation for future crises in these industries.

A summary of the main actions of the Iranian government during the COVID-19: from March 5 until December 20, 2020

This document summarizes how during the disease epidemic in Iran, the government first considered emergency measures for the center of the disease epidemic, the Qom province. And after that by observing new cases in Tehran, Gilan, and Mazandaran provinces, which are the adjacent provinces to Qom province, the emergency measures for these three provinces were considered as well. Severe travel restrictions, preventing cars with non -native license plates from entering center of the provinces, restrictions on the reopening of guilds, passages, shopping and entertainment centers, reducing working hours of some guilds,closure of mosques and holy places, teleworking of government employees, preventing the reopening of schools and universities, strict restrictions in banks and imposing night traffic ban from 9 p.m. were effective measures of the Ministry of Health and the government.

The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Special Issue: COVID-19 and tourism.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed tremendous impacts on the tourism industry worldwide. The tourism sector can take advantage of the new technology (e.g. virtual tourism), to respond to the challenges. This study aims to investigate factors influencing people's acceptability in using virtual tourism during the pandemic in China and explore how virtual tourism can aid the recovery of tourism industry during and after the pandemic. We explore this through a mixed-methods approach. Our results show that the use of virtual tourism can be partially explained by the theory of planned behaviour. Virtual tourism has a strong influence on people's on-site destination choices and can be used as an effective marketing tool to promote destinations and a platform to sell souvenirs and products. Virtual tourism can be an entertainment activity to bring immersed experience to people without being actually in the destinations, and thus reinforce stay-at-home order and help contain COVID-19. Even after the pandemic is over, people still show willingness to use virtual tourism for diverse purposes. The qualitative data also suggest virtual tourism can help promote sustainable tourism by reducing unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and enhance 'virtual accessibility' especially for the elderly and disabled with limited mobility.

Learning from Lana: Netflix's Too Hot to Handle, COVID-19, and the human-nonhuman entanglement in contemporary technoculture. (Special Issue: The cultural politics of COVID-19.)

The Netflix popular reality series Too Hot to Handle (THTH), released during the coronavirus outbreak in 2019, requires all contestants to refrain from sexual activities of any kind in order to win a cash prize in the end. Mirroring the physical distancing mandate during the COVID-19 crisis, the show offers an opportunity to discern a set of interrelated human and nonhuman entanglements in contemporary technoculture that the outbreak has brought into sharper relief. This essay probes into the conditions of possibility for the popularity of THTH by placing an analytical focus on the role of Lana, a nonhuman sensor centrally featured in the show with a female voice typical of digital assistants. Lana, a cone-shaped device from 'Factory, China', is a surveillance robot embodying the operation of Netflix as part of the expanding regime of data colonialism, which extracts personal data for profit. Her nonhuman identity is evocative of China as at once a manufacturing locale for the material gadgets that make up the global digital economy and an authoritarian state that has deepened its censorship and surveillance practices during the COVID-19 outbreak. Instructing the contestants to care for their entrepreneurial selves while encroaching upon their autonomy, Lana invites us to rethink the common framing of China - a coveted market for Netflix - as the nonhuman Other of the liberal-democratic West. During a time when the nonhuman virus keeps humans apart while intensifying their reliance on nonhuman machines for communication, Lana promotes a kind of intimacy without proximity characteristic of the global infrastructures of connection. A symptomatic reading of THTH, which also conjures a vision of collectivity as a basis for surviving the pandemic, thus allows us to recognize the entanglement of the human and the nonhuman and to imagine new paths toward global social justice.

Mobile usage behavior among agricultural students in Haryana

Mobile is a versatile technological tool used by the students for multiple purposes especially during COVID- 19 pandemic viz., communication, education, research and entertainment. A study was carried out to assess the mobile usage behavior among the students of Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Empirical data were collected personally from 200 students through a structured interview schedule and analyzed using standard methodology. Findings revealed that all the students used mobile daily for more than 4 hours. More than half of the students (54.00%) used Xiaomi/MI mobile phone with Jio network services for entertainment and communication purpose compared to academic and professional purpose. Social networking apps were most frequently visited by the students followed by entertainment and educational apps. Study also revealed that personality traits viz.;age, education, medium of schooling, schooling, annual expenditure, scientific orientation, mass media exposure, information seeking behavior and risk orientation exhibited positive and significant correlation with their usage behavior of mobile at 0.05 level of probability.

Evolution of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their associated factors among employed workers in metropolitan France in 2020

Introduction - In France, social distancing measures of varying extents are in place since 17 March 2020 (date of the first lockdown) to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2. These measures have had different degrees of impact on working conditions. In consequence, new sources of risk for mental health may have emerged. This study aims to document the evolution of anxiety and depression among the employed working population and to identify the subgroups most affected by these mental health conditions. It constitutes a first step towards the development of targeted interventions. Methods - Data were obtained from Coviprev, a survey carried out on the general population. For each wave of the survey, an independent sample of 2,000 people aged 18 and over residing in metropolitan France was interviewed via the Internet. For the present study, only employed workers were selected (people working from or outside of home, on furlough or off work). This population represented 52-55% of the total sample depending on the wave concerned. The data presented here were gathered from the first wave (23-25 March 2020) to the 19th wave (14-16 December 2020). > Alexandre Lesage et coll. Sant.. publique France, Saint-Maurice Sant.. publique France, Saint-Maurice BEH Covid-19 N.. 13 , 23 novembre 2021 , 3 Results - The prevalence of anxiety was 30.5% during the first wave. It then declined significantly until wave 3 (14-16 April) before stabilizing at relatively high levels. For depression, prevalence was 20.9% in wave 2. It showed a significant drop with the easing of lockdown measures, before increasing significantly again in October around the second lockdown. In terms of work organisation: for men, being off work was associated with an increased risk of presenting an anxiety vs working outside of home. For both men and women, working outside of home was associated with a lower risk of depression vs working from home, being on furlough or off work. Analysis by sector showed a higher risk of presenting anxiety among workers in the financial and insurance services and in the arts, entertainment and recreational industries. Conversely, this risk was lower for workers in human health and social services, public administration, and professional, scientific and technical services. The risk of depression was higher in education services and lower in human health and social work activities. Conclusions - Our results show that the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among the employed was consistently high in France throughout 2020. It appears that particular vigilance must be shown to certain population categories such as people on sick leave, women with dependent children and more globally to workers employed in the arts, entertainment and recreational industries and education services.

The adoption of the "Clean & Safe" stamp in COVID-19 times: an opportunity for innovation and reinvention for the tourism entertainment sector in Portugal? (COVID19 - desafios, oportunidades e adapta....es.) [Portuguese]

The tourism entertainment sector involves tourists and communities in multifaceted and complementary experiences. In 2020, with the arrival of the health crisis as a result of Covid-19, the entire tourism system was affected, in particular tourism entertainment. Based on a project report, this study explores and reflects the transformations that are taking place in the tourism entertainment sector and how it is adapting to the new "normal". Taking as an example the creation of the "Clean & Safe" stamp, it is important to understand if the application of this stamp corresponds to an instrument of innovation and reinvention, based on the analysis of tourism entertainment companies. The results obtained show that the sector has incorporated practices of reinvention, process improvement, adaptation to customers and implementation of new health security measures. However, the road is long, and the challenges are constant in such an important sector of tourism in Portugal.

Television's new lease of life amidst COVID-19

The nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has given way to an unprecedented situation that every single individual is grappling with. In such uncertain times, television's role has become significant in keeping the population indoors. This article examines how the re-broadcast of several old television programmes from the 1980s and 1990s has given a second life to the otherwise redundant television set. This article explores the significance of the re-telecast of TV programmes like Ramayan, Mahabharata and others, beyond the political lens and demonstrates how they have challenged digital entertainment and brought back the traditional TV viewing habits. The article also goes on to suggest the way forward for both the public broadcaster Doordarshan and private broadcasters post the current crisis.